{"id":1817,"date":"2018-03-19T19:53:28","date_gmt":"2018-03-19T19:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg"},"modified":"2018-03-19T19:55:16","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T19:55:16","slug":"figure_5-7_confounding","status":"inherit","type":"attachment","link":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/","title":{"rendered":"Figure_5.7_Confounding"},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"class_list":["post-1817","attachment","type-attachment","status-inherit","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ian McDowell\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AFMC Primer on Population Health | A virtual textbook on Public Health concepts for clinicians\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-19T19:53:28+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-19T19:55:16+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\\\/figure_5-7_confounding\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\\\/figure_5-7_confounding\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Figure_5.7_Confounding\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\\\/figure_5-7_confounding\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Figure_5.7_Confounding\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"ItemPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\\\/figure_5-7_confounding\\\/#itempage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\\\/figure_5-7_confounding\\\/\",\"name\":\"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\\\/figure_5-7_confounding\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/author\\\/imcdowell\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/author\\\/imcdowell\\\/#author\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-19T19:53:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-19T19:55:16+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"AFMC Primer on Population Health\",\"description\":\"A virtual textbook on Public Health concepts for clinicians\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/author\\\/imcdowell\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/author\\\/imcdowell\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ian McDowell\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"AFMC Primer on Population Health\",\"description\":\"A virtual textbook on Public Health concepts for clinicians\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phprimer.afmc.ca\\\/en\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/#listItem","name":"Figure_5.7_Confounding"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Figure_5.7_Confounding","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/#listItem","name":"Home"}}]},{"@type":"ItemPage","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/#itempage","url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/","name":"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/author\/imcdowell\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/author\/imcdowell\/#author"},"datePublished":"2018-03-19T19:53:28+00:00","dateModified":"2018-03-19T19:55:16+00:00"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/#organization","name":"AFMC Primer on Population Health","description":"A virtual textbook on Public Health concepts for clinicians","url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/author\/imcdowell\/#author","url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/author\/imcdowell\/","name":"Ian McDowell"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/","name":"AFMC Primer on Population Health","description":"A virtual textbook on Public Health concepts for clinicians","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"AFMC Primer on Population Health | A virtual textbook on Public Health concepts for clinicians","og:type":"article","og:title":"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health","og:url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/","article:published_time":"2018-03-19T19:53:28+00:00","article:modified_time":"2018-03-19T19:55:16+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Figure_5.7_Confounding | AFMC Primer on Population Health"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"1817","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2022-10-11 15:23:40","updated":"2025-06-12 15:22:37","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tFigure_5.7_Confounding\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/"},{"label":"Figure_5.7_Confounding","link":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/part-ii-methods-studying-health\/figure_5-7_confounding\/"}],"description":{"rendered":"<p class=\"attachment\"><a href='https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Example of confounding\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n"},"caption":{"rendered":"<p>Figure 5.7: An example of confounding<\/p>\n"},"alt_text":"Example of confounding","media_type":"image","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","media_details":{"width":720,"height":540,"file":"2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"Figure_5.7_Confounding-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding-150x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"Figure_5.7_Confounding-300x225.jpg","width":300,"height":225,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding-300x225.jpg"},"full":{"file":"Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg","width":720,"height":540,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":508,"source_url":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg","filename":"Figure_5.7_Confounding.jpg","filesize":98733,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/attachment"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1817"}],"wp:attached-to":[{"embeddable":true,"post_type":"page","id":508,"href":"https:\/\/phprimer.afmc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}